International Conference and Exhibition on Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics August 24-26, 2015 West Drayton, London, UK

Biography:

After getting the PhD degree of Biomedical Sciences in Chang Gung University, Taiwan, Ya-Ching Lu is a postdoctoral fellow of Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Science from 2012. She dedicates in head-neck cancer associated studies including investigation of the mechanism of head-neck carcinogenesis, and identification of significant biomarkers for head-neck cancer disease management. There were several microRNA related publications in 2012-2014 and it was found miR-196 molecules are highly potential as circulating biomarker for head-neck cancer detection.

Abstract:

Molecular targets for cancer diagnosis and therapeutic usage are important for disease management. Here, we characterized the function of miR-196, elucidated its molecular mechanism and clinical significance in head-neck cancer. Both miR-196a and miR-196b were highly over-expressed in the cancer tissue and correlated with lymph node metastasis (P<0.01). Functionally, miR-196s actively promoted cell migration and invasion without affecting cell growth. Next, the miR-196 target gene and downstream molecular mechanisms was confirmed. Mechanistically, miR-196s perform their functions by directly inhibiting NME4 expression and further activating p-JNK, suppressing TIMP1, and augmenting MMP1/9. Comparing to normal subjects, both circulating miR-196a and miR-196b were substantially up-regulated in patients with pre-cancer lesions (5.9- and 14.8-fold, respectively; P < 0.01), as well as in head-neck cancer patients (9.3- and 17.0-fold, respectively; P < 0.01). The combined determination of miR-196a and miR-196b levels produces excellent sensitivity and specificity in the diagnosis of patients with pre-cancer (AUC = 0.845) or head-neck cancer (AUC = 0.963), as well as in the prediction of potential malignancy (AUC = 0.950, sensitivity = 91%, specificity = 85%). In conclusion, miR-196 contributes to head-neck cancer by promoting cell migration and invasion. MiR-196 exerts these functions by targeting to the NME4 and regulating the downstream JNK-TIMP1-MMP signaling pathway. In addition, miR-196a/b was significantly over-expressed in the cancer tissues and up-regulated in the plasma from head-neck cancer/pre-cancer patients. Our study provides knowledge foundation for the applications of miR-196 as a molecular therapeutic target or circulating early detection biomarker for head-neck cancer management.

Biography:

Ryou-u Takahashi is a staff scientist of Division of Molecular and Cellular Medicine at the National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo. After he got a Ph.D. in 2008 in Tokyo Institute of technology and then went to do a post-doc at the National Cancer Center Research Institute. Dr. Takahashi focuses the development of novel animal models, methods, and strategies to study the molecular mechanisms for the acquisition of CSC properties. Especially, the current focus is siRNA- and miRNA-based therapy against CSCs.

Abstract:

Accumulating lines of evidence suggest that the key property that distinguishes cancer stem cells (CSCs) from non-CSCs is the ability to create their abnormal niche that remains in a dormant and tolerant state under stressful exposures such as conventional chemotherapy and radiotherapy. However, the molecular mechanisms for the generation of CSC niche remain elusive. In this study, we show that microRNA-27b (miR-27b) plays important roles in the generation of breast CSCs (BCSCs). The down-regulation of miR-27b was essential for the generation of BCSCs that show the self-renewal, drug tolerant and high tumorigenic activities. Further analysis revealed that miR-27b overexpression inhibited the drug-resistance and tumor seeding ability of breast cancer cells via suppressing the non-CSC to CSC transition under stressful exposures. Therefore, these findings elucidate a new molecular mechanism for the generation of BCSCs and suggest that modulating miR-27b with conventional anticancer treatments might be a promising approach to overcome BCSCs.

Biography:

Vimal Karani is a Lecturer in Nutrigenetics at the University of Reading, UK. He did his post-doctoral training at the MRC Epidemiology unit (Cambridge, UK) and University College London (UK). He has an interdisciplinary academic background, with qualifications from Medical Genetics, Bioinformatics, Molecular Biology and Genetic Epidemiology. His primary research interests focus on the investigation of gene-nutrient interactions on metabolic- and CVD-related outcomes using combined approaches from genetic epidemiology, statistical genetics and molecular biology. His long term goal is to use the findings from observational studies to carry out human intervention studies with a view towards developing industrial collaborations to facilitate ‘Personalized Nutrition’.

Abstract:

The ability of Nutrigenetics to determine what nutrients will produce the desired impact on metabolic balance (as influenced by individual genetic make-up) is at the core of Personalized Nutrition. Metabolic diseases such as obesity and diabetes are heritable traits that arise from the interactions between multiple genes and lifestyle factors such as diet and physical inactivity. Dietary factors play an important role in the development of metabolic diseases because of the variation in the food that is being consumed in different parts of the world. Although several studies have examined the gene-nutrient interactions, the findings have been quite inconsistent and hence, unable to develop an optimum diet for each ancestral population. Some of the challenges in performing nutrigenetics research are 1) genetic heterogeneity, 2) lack of understanding of the metabolic pathways and 3) insufficient sample size. With genome-wide association study (GWAS) data now available on numerous large cohorts, it has become possible to embed candidate gene studies within GWASs, testing for association on a much larger number of candidate genes than previously possible. The talk will highlight three main aspects: 1). Why do we do gene-diet interaction analysis? – Findings from DiOGenes study, 2). Why large samples are required to conduct genetic epidemiological studies? – Findings from D-CarDia Collaboration and 3). Nutrigenetics in developing countries – Findings from GeNuIne Collaboration

Biography:

Li Wang has completed her PhD at the China Agriculture of University in 2007, and became a junior faculty member at Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Child Development and Nutriomics, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, and since 2014, she became the director of Medical Genetic Department of CIP. The primary interest of her lab is in the interaction of genetics and environment, in particular early nutrition and developmental programming. She has published over 10 articles on a variety of epigenetic alternations that range from diseases to cell and animal models with experiences.

Abstract:

Periconceptional maternal folate deficiency is a risk factor for neural tube defects (NTDs), the mechanism underlied remains unclear. Intracellular folic acid is thought to be key player in providing an adequate source of methyl groups for methylation of DNA and proteins, and methylation modifications of repeat elements and imprinting genes is suggested to be sensitive to epigenetic regulation of folate acid nutrition in developmental programming. However, the mechanism of how folate deficiency altered methylations modification of repeat elements and imprinting genes in earlier development is still unclear. Our present studying analyzed methylation modification alternations of LINE-1 and imprinting genes using NTD cases, mESCs with folate deficiency, and also in mouse models with periconceptional folate-deficiency. The results implying that hypomethylation of LINE-1 was associated with an increased risk of NTDs. Folate insufficiency induced LINE-1 hypomethylation at the lowest levels in folate-free ESCs, compared with that in the folate-normal group. Moreover, LINE-1 methylation level was positively correlated with folate content, and negatively correlated with homocysteine content. Similar, kinds of imprinting genes also altered imprinting modifications in NTDs with folate deficiency, including Gnas imprinting cluster, DLK-MEG3 imprinting cluster, MEST imprinting and H19/IGF2 imprinting. Mouse embryos exhibited a significantly increased ratio of IUGR and developmental dysplasia of the brain in response to folate deficiency. Data shown here implying that periconceptional maternal folate deficiency altered the imprinting established and gene expression in fetal brains, which may be associated with the higher ratio of developmental dysplasia.

Biography:

Evguenia Alechine is a biochemist from Argentina. She got her Master degree in Biomedical Sciences at the age of 27, and completed her PhD at the age of 30, both from the University of Buenos Aires. She has been working in the field of Forensic Genetics, and specialized on the research of the genetics of male infertility. She has published 9 papers in top peer reviewed journals in the field, and presented her work at more than 20 national and international scientific meetings.

Abstract:

The bases of the diagnosis of genetics causes of male infertility have been established more than 10 years ago. Nevertheless, its accuracy and predictive value are still controversial. While the update of the international recommendations still point to the study of a specific set makers located in the AZF region of the Y chromosome, many research groups worldwide question their utility in populations with different ethnic origin. The Argentinean male population is characterized by AZF microdeletions that do not correlate with testicular sperm recovery, together with the majority of the azoospermic patients without classical microdeletions belonging to the Native American Y-chromosome haplogroup Q-M3. Our research is focused on the analysis of complete and partial AZF microdeletions, haplogroup characterization for ethnicity association, and correlation with sperm count and sperm recovery from testicular biopsies. Taken together our results show that AZFb and AZFc microdeletions do not correlate with absence of sperm in the testis, and that partial gr/gr microdeletions are not associated with male infertility in the Argentinean population. This scenario underscores the importance to reconsider the international guidelines regarding the predictive value and application of the suggested markers in populations with different ethnic backgrounds. Therefore, we developed a method for spermatogenesis candidate genes screening in infertile patients that could improve the diagnostic and prognostic value of the genetic testing.

Biography:

Ashwani Kumar has completed his PhD in Information and Communication Engineering in 2014. He is Assistant professor in electrical and instrumentaion engineering depaertemnt at Sant Longowal Institute of Engineering and Technology, SLIET, Longowal, Sangrur, Punjab, INDIA. He published more than 10 papers in reputed journals and conferences.

Abstract:

Use of light for imaging the biological tissue and to quantify its optical properties is a good choice over other invasive methods. Optical tomography involves two steps. One is the forward problem and the other is the reconstruction problem. The forward problem consists of finding the measurements of transmitted light through the tissue from source to detector, given the spatial distribution of absorption and scattering properties. The second step is the reconstruction problem. In X-ray tomography, there is standard method for reconstruction called filtered back projection method or the algebraic reconstruction methods. But this method cannot be applied as such, in optical tomography due to highly scattering nature of biological tissue. A hybrid algorithm for reconstruction has been implemented in this work which takes into account the highly scattered path taken by photons while back projecting the forward data obtained during Monte Carlo simulation. The reconstructed image suffers from blurring due to point spread function.

Biography:

Raj Kumar did his master dgree in Instrumentation engineering from SLIET Longowal and currently pursuing PhD from IIT Delhi, India. His areas of interest are signal processing and power quality. He has published more than 10 papers in journals and conferences of repute.

Abstract:

EMG (Electromyogram) signal contains wealth information about muscle function which is widely used in clinical and engineering application to investigate muscle activity. EMG signals are acquired by surface electrodes which are placed on the targeted muscle set. In order to use the EMG signal as a diagnosis signal or a control signal, a feature is often extracted before performing analysis or classification stage. This study would provide a method for myoelectric control of the movement of forearm prosthetic limbs and human-machine interface for applications in different tasks as hand close, hand open, supination, pronation, flextion, extension. EMG signals has been recorded from BIOPAC MP 100 c System, the forearm muscles of subjects for six movement set mentioned above. The healthy subject aged between 23-30 years have been used for this purpose. The recording was done for six different motions using two active surface electrodes were placed on the skin surface covering the ‘Flexor Carpi Ulnaris’ and ‘Brachioradialis’ muscle in the forearm in differential mode placed with 20 millimeter apart. The single surface electrode was placed on the unconcerned muscle for the reference purpose. Time-Frequency domain features were calculated to extract the information from the signals. ANN has been used to classify between these different movements of forearm which gives accuracy of 85.56% and 86.26% for channel 1and channel 2 (left and right hand) at IMF-1 level with 10 number of hidden layers which are trained by scaled conjugate gradient method for supervised learning in MATLAB.

Biography:

Kondo brings a high level of additional expertise to our group of editors. In 2012 he was appointed as a full professor at the Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University in Sapporo, Japan. His laboratory studies how neural stem/precursor cells are involved in the development of CNS diseases, such as brain tumor and Alzheimer’s disease. He is particularly interested in identifying new molecules associated with these disorders, characterizing them and developing new therapeutic methods. He has also a keen interest in the molecular mechanism of oligodendrocyte precursor cell differentiation. He hopes one day the knowledge gained from his work will contribute to the development of therapeutic applications.

Abstract:

Recent findings suggest that tissue-specific stem/precursor cells, including neural stem cells (NSCs) and oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs), acquire mutations during life time and eventually either become senescent or transform into cancer cells. Cell senescence is described as an irreversible growth arrest and acts as a potent barrier to tumorigenesis. Such senescent cells are often found in the surrounding area of malignant tumors, although it still uncertain what is the exact role of cell senescence in tumorigenesis. We recently identified a novel senescence-messaging secretome factor, the esophageal cancer related gene 4 (Ecrg4), which is induced in the senescent NSCs and OPCs as well as in the passaged mouse embryonic fibroblasts in culture and in vivo. Overexpression of Ecrg4 induces NSCs and OPCs to become senescent, while its knockdown prevent them to do so. Using mouse glioblastoma-initiating cell (GIC) models and human glioblastoma tissues, we found a novel tumor suppressor function of Ecrg4. I would like to discuss about Ecrg4 as a new tumor suppressor and a potential therapeutic target.

Biography:

Abstract:

Cure liver cancer by because apoptosis in liver cancer cell by Active liver receptor inhibit hydrogen peroxide and B12 to induced apoptosis Liver cancer is one of most dangerous disease it controls in liver function and other organs in the body. Cancer cells spread and control in every organ and liquid in the body except brain. The present study aimed to investigate the role of activated receptors on human liver cancer cell apoptosis and its interrelation with the mitochondria .this study aim to make cancer have cancer and die .H2o2 will do apoptosis in liver cancer cell and damage mitochondrial of cancer cell which make unbalance in tumor control but there more cancer cells in the body which will repeat cancer again to liver if we damage it so B12 active immune and make it able to identify on cancer cell and damage it because cancer cell use human cell to be his carrier so it shown to immune as normal cell so B12 isolate it from normal cell and make it appear alone in the blood this the only method to damage all cancer cell and this thing was problem in past because all pervious study was cure liver cancer and leave other cancer cell in the body which collect again by signaling between each other . all this happen through liver cancer receptor which active to accept H2o2 and b12 because cancer cell have the ability to close his receptor but it will active by enzymes .liver cells will not attack by H2o2 because it will induce apoptosis through receptor of cancer cell and liver receptor is different than cancer receptor so all the body is protected from that because difference of receptor.

Biography:

Alexandra completed her PhD in Molecular Biology in 2005 (University of Manchester), followed by a postdoctoral post at Imperial College London. Since 2009 she has worked in the Molecular and Cell Biology Team at LGC with a focus on nucleic acid metrology. Her area of expertise is trace detection of nucleic acids using digital PCR. She has published the use of digital PCR in a wide range of applications including quantification of microorganisms, detection of copy number variation and rare sequences in cancer. Her research also includs the use of digital PCR to investigate sampling bias in low concentration samples.

Abstract:

Rare mutation detection is offering increasingly important potential in cancer management, the detection of antimicroibal resistance and in monitoring organ transplant rejection. The main challenge is detecting the rare mutant due to background signal from cross reactvity with the predominant wild type sequences. Digital PCR (dPCR) is the latest incarnation of PCR that subdivides the reaction across a large number of smaller reactions (termed ‘partitions’) so that some contains no template molecules. PCR is then performed with fluorescent probes to generate partitions with either an amplification signal or no amplification signal, hence the name ‘digital’. While this subdivision increases the precision of dPCR over qPCR, it also improves the detection of rare mutant variants, which in a normal qPCR would be lost within the high wild type background. Using a range of different models, we are investigating the ability of dPCR to detect rare mutations in DNA and RNA templates. This presentation will demonstrate the ability of dPCR to detect a mutation in less than 1% of the population and to highlight the many factors that can confound this method such as reduced template concentration and competitive PCR.

Biography:

Alessandra Rejane Ericsson de Oliveira Xavier has completed her PhD at age of 32 years at University of Brasilia and she has being attempted post-doctoral studies at Federal University of Minas Gerais. She worked in the QC Microbiology at Novo Nordisk, where she had experience in industrial microbiology acting on: Validation of microbiological analytical methods, writing standard operating procedures, training in microbiological methods, qualification of equipment and Rapid Microorganisms Identification methods. She also has experience in teaching in higher education, mainly teaching and researching in the Microbiology and Molecular Biology’s areas, focusing on diagnostics methods. She has been member of the validation committee at Novo Nordisk, as well as Director of Research and Ethics Committee’s member at University. She is expert in rapid methods for microorganism’s identification and molecular diagnostic of diseases. Current, she is professor in the medicine graduation and Biotechnology post-graduation courses at State University of Montes Claros.

Abstract:

Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is an endemic and high mortality rate disease detected in around 65 countries, including Brazil. Three hundred and fifty million people are in the risk area and arise five hundred thousand new cases each year. Among the Brazilian area, the north of Minas Gerais state is considered high risk area. Mortality and severity of VL can be prevented with correct diagnosis, resulting in appropriate treatment. The definitive VL diagnosis is the demonstration of amastigotes parasite cells (Giemsa-stained slides) in splenic smears (sensitivity from 95% to 98%) or bone marrow aspirates (sensitivity from 53% to 95%). The Serology-based tests, such as rK39 ELISA and dipstick have high sensitivities and specificities but are not able to discriminate between past and current infections. The molecular diagnosis of VL by PCR on blood samples is an alternative method that presents high sensitivity and specificity. Therefore, efforts have been made to develop PCR methods using peripheral blood instead of bone narrow aspirates or splenic smear. We have being designing and testing specific primers to rRNA 18S and kDNA to be used as tool for VL diagnosis. Our results are very optimistic (sensitivity of 92%). The detection of DNA from parasite after VL treatment could be of great importance in the diagnosis, since it can be regarded as an important marker for healing. The molecular diagnosis of VL is a project performed by State University of Montes Claros and supported by University of Brasilia. The Ethical clearance for this project was obtained.

Biography:

Lei Shang has completed his PhD at the age of 28 years from Central South University. He is the research worker of Hunan Cancer Hospital in the department of Translational Medicine Research, a premier Cancer Research Institute in Central South Region of China. He has published more than 10 papers in reputed journals.

Abstract:

Necroptosis is an important neuronal death mode in retinal ischemia, but the mechanism still needs clarify. RIP3 is characterized as an N-terminal Serine/Threonine kinase, which participates in cell death signaling. Previous studies indicated RIP3 may participate in neuronal necroptosis, and the activation of caspase-8 could cleave RIP3 to inactive form. In the present study, we explored the effects of RIP3 in retinal necroptosis following elevated hydrostatic pressure (EHP) and discussed the possible role of caspase-8 on regulation of RIP3 activity. Necrosis levels detection were repeated with pretreatment of Nec-1 of 24h to confirm the existence of necroptosis. The expression of RIP3, downstream molecules in the pathway of RIP3-induced necroptosis and necrosis levels of RGC-5 cells were detected by immunoblotting, immunofluorescence and flow cytometry at 6h, 12h or 24h after EHP. Then, RNAi to rip3 was used for further confirming RIP3’s effects on retinal necroptosis. Finally, caspase-8 inhibitor and activity peptide were applied to try to unveil the regulated mechanism of RIP3 activity. The results showed that, RIP3 expression was up-regulated and RIP3 enhance-labeled cells were coexisted with PI-positive cells after injury. PI-positive cells were reduced and ratios of necrosis were decreased after injury when treating with Nec-1and rip3 RNAi. The ROS and PYGL levels in pathway of RIP3-induced necroptosis had been found to be decreased after rip3 knockdown. Caspase-8 inhibitor and activity peptide usage affected ratio of necrosis and levels of ROS or PYGL. Our results indicated RIP3 participated in RGC-5 necroptosis following EHP and caspase-8 may interference RIP3-induced necroptosis. This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.81070729), and National Key Technologies Research and Development Program of China(No. 2012BAK14B03) .

Biography:

Alexander N Parkhomenko is a Professor and Chair in the Emergency Cardiology Department in Institute of Cardiology, Ukraine.

Abstract:

In 492 patits with acute coronary syndromes (ACS) we studied polymorphisms of different genes - NOS3 (eNOS), LMP2, LMP7, HIF1α, ACE, PPARG, PSMA6, AGT, MGP, AGTR1, BMP, A2M, MMP2, MMP9 и XRCC1. Polymorphisms of NOS3 and MGP were found as markers of the disease and may be used for individual pathophysiological profile characteristics and prediction of pharmacological agents effects. Frequency of eNOS Т-786С promoter polymorphism and influence of this polymorphism on reactive hyperemia and arterial stiffness were determined. Higher degree of brachial arteries diameter increase in response to ischemia in patients with Т/Т genotype: 8,03  0,71% compared to 5,55  0,92 % in Т/С (Р<0.05) and 5,30  1,21 % in С/С genotypes (P<0.05). Speed of pulse wave spreading on carotid-radial and carotid-femoral arteries segments was also depended on patients genotype: in Т/Т genotype was 9,10  0,15 and 8,68  0,26 correspondingly, in Т/С - 9,38  0,18 and 8,74  0,21, and in С/С carriers - 9,71  0,22 and 10,02  0,71 (P<0.05). Obtained data indicate on significant influence of Т-786С polymorphism on integral parameters of functional status of arterial vessels in ACS patients. Matrix g-carboxyglutamic acid protein (MGP) is known be a potent inhibitor of calcification in blood vessels and is highly expressed on calcified atherosclerotic plaques in humans; we defined a significant association between the G–7→A promoter polymorphism of the MGP gene and ACS. From clinical point of view it is important to understand transformation of genetic data into prediction of disease complication and possibility to improve effectiveness of medication. We found that efficacy of early statin therapy in patients with ACS is determined by polymorphism of eNOS gene promoter : -786TT genotype of eNOS gene promoter was associated with decreased risk of recurrent ischemic events (myocardial infarction -MI and post-MI angina) and acute heart failure in statin treated patients. While there were no benefits of early statin treatment in patients with TC, CC and both (TC+CC) genotypes. A new class of small noncoding RNAs known as microRNAs (miRNAs) has recently been proposed to play a critical role in genetic regulation of physiological and pathological processes. Changes in levels of microRNA-1, -155, -210, -208a, -208b, and -499 in blood plasma, platelets and monocytes of patients with acute MI have been tested. The results of research allows us to make the assumption that higher level of microRNA-155 in monocytes can be a marker of MI development. The indicators of favorable MI follow-up correlated with the microRNA-155 level - higher level was associated with better kidney fuction (higher GFR, lower level of creatinine) and less frequency of heart failure. In conclusion, our studies confirm the possibility of individualized clinical assessment of patients with ACS, implementation of a new standards for tradional management and development of novel treatment by using modern genetic and epigenetic approaches.

Biography:

Liubov Tashireva has completed her PhD at the age of 28 years from Siberian State Medical University. She is the Research Fellow of pathological anatomy department of Tomsk Cancer Research Institute. She has published more than 9 papers in reputed journals.

Abstract:

Invasive carcinoma of non-specific type (IC NST) is characterized by different morphological structures presence. These structure is divided into two subtypes. The first group includes tubular, trabecular structure and discrete tumor cells and is characterized association of tumor cells not only with other tumor cells, but with the stroma. The second group, which includes solid and alveolar structure characterized connections between tumor cells without any connection with the stroma excepting external layer of cells. Significance of morphological intratumoral heterogeneity of IC NST described for tumor progression dependent on the menstrual status of patients. Furthermore, our research team demonstrated that the presence of alveolar structures increases the risk of nodal metastasis of IC NST. However, until now the role of the microenvironment of various structures in tumor progression is unknown. Gene expression analyze shows heterogeneity of microenvironment of morphological structures of IC NST. The microenvironment of alveolar structures presented Th2-type immune response. Since the properties of the tumor microenvironment is closely interact with tumor progression. It can be concluded that the development of Th2 immune response in microenvironment of alveolar structures contributes to the manifestation its invasive properties.

Biography:

K S Jain a Ph.D. in Medicinal Chemistry, holds rich academic and industrial research experience of over 31 years. His areas of interest are New Drug Discovery Research, Chemical Process Development for API, Green Chemistry, Custom Synthesis and Library Synthesis. He has good h-Index, I-20 Index and CIF index scores, over 95 research publications, 170 presentations, 06 text books and 5 patents to credit. He is currently guest editor for Curr. Topics Med. Chem. (Bentham Sci.Publ.), Co-Editor for Indian J. Pharm. Edu.Res, Member Editorial Board : Austin J.Anal. Pharm.Chem. A regular reviewer for many quality scientific research journals and funded for research projects of Univ. of Pune, Indian Council of Med.Res. and National Science Board, Poland, he is a recognized PG and doctoral guide for 07 Indian Universities and recipient of several research awards and grants.

Abstract:

High levels of cholesterol and other lipid constituents are major risk factors in the development of atherosclerosis as well as diseases and disorders associated with it. Though, drugs of various categories acting through different mechanisms are available for antihyperlipidemic therapy, there are limitations associated with each of them, keeping the interest in discovery of newer and better antihyperlipidemic drugs alive. Identification and exploitation of novel molecular targets for discovery of new antihyperlipidemic drugs is an important area of research. Twenty such drug targets shall be discussed for their biochemical roles, structures, estimations, as well as, exploitation for new drug discovery research. Few recently discovered drugs based on such molecular targets shall also be cited. Also discussed will be an investigation into the mechanism of antihyperlipidemic action of a few potential NCE’s from our lab. carried out through docking experiments with few of the above molecular targets; e.g., Niemann Pick C1 Like1 protein (NPC1L1), ATP citrate lyase (ACL), C-reactive protein (CRP), lanosterol 14α-demethylase(LDM), squalene synthase (SqS) and farnesiod X-receptor (FXR) etc. The interactions of these NCE’s with these molecular targets (receptors) were compared with the interactions of the respective co-crystallized native ligands at the active sites of these receptors. These comparisons are based on the docking parameters, as well as, types of interactions and vicinity with various amino acids in the active site pockets. On the basis of favorable interactions with molecular targets assessment of pharmacodynamics has been made in this study.

Biography:

Raj Kumar did his master dgree in Instrumentation engineering from SLIET Longowal and currently pursuing PhD from IIT Delhi, India. His areas of interest are signal processing and power quality. He has published more than 10 papers in journals and conferences of repute.

Abstract:

EMG (Electromyogram) signal contains wealth information about muscle function which is widely used in clinical and engineering application to investigate muscle activity. EMG signals are acquired by surface electrodes which are placed on the targeted muscle set. In order to use the EMG signal as a diagnosis signal or a control signal, a feature is often extracted before performing analysis or classification stage. This study would provide a method for myoelectric control of the movement of forearm prosthetic limbs and human-machine interface for applications in different tasks as hand close, hand open, supination, pronation, flextion, extension. EMG signals has been recorded from BIOPAC MP 100 c System, the forearm muscles of subjects for six movement set mentioned above. The healthy subject aged between 23-30 years have been used for this purpose. The recording was done for six different motions using two active surface electrodes were placed on the skin surface covering the ‘Flexor Carpi Ulnaris’ and ‘Brachioradialis’ muscle in the forearm in differential mode placed with 20 millimeter apart. The single surface electrode was placed on the unconcerned muscle for the reference purpose. Time-Frequency domain features were calculated to extract the information from the signals. ANN has been used to classify between these different movements of forearm which gives accuracy of 85.56% and 86.26% for channel 1and channel 2 (left and right hand) at IMF-1 level with 10 number of hidden layers which are trained by scaled conjugate gradient method for supervised learning in MATLAB.